Forex Glossary

Account Activities

It is a detailed list of transactions made between a certain date.

Allocation of Assets

It is the process of allocating funds to different markets for the purpose of risk management.

American Options

The buyer can use his right at any time between the date of purchase and the end of maturity.

Appreciation

An increase in the price of a currency.

Arbitrage

It is done to take advantage of small price differences between markets. It is the process of buying from the market where the prices are cheap and selling them from the market where the prices are expensive.

Aroon

It is an indicator used to understand whether the traded commodity or currency parity is in a trend and if it is in a trend, how strong the trend is. The Aroon indicator signals an uptrend when above zero, and a downtrend when below zero. The further the indicator moves away from zero, the stronger the trend is considered.

Aroon Oscillator

It is obtained by subtracting the lower Aroon indicator from the upper Aroon indicator. While the Aroon indicator moves between 0 and +100, the Aroon oscillator moves between (-) 100 and (+) 100 and the zero line is considered the center.

Ascending Trend Channel

The ascending trend channel connects the bottoms of the downward waves and runs parallel to a trendline. The ascending trend channel and the trend line form the boundaries of an uptrend. It is used in bull market.

Ascending Triangle

Two-way price analysis obtained by combining two trend lines. The trendline above becomes horizontal while the trendline below is rising. This is also often used in bull markets.

Asset

It represents the money in the account as a result of reflecting the profits and losses of the open position to the balance.

Aussie

Australian Dollar

Average Directional Index (ADX)

It is a technical indicator developed by J. Welles Wilder, which is part of the indicator system showing movement in a certain direction.

Average True Range (ATR)

It is an indicator that measures volatility. High ATR values ​​signal high volatility and therefore voluminous, snappy trades. A low ATR indicates that the pair is moving slowly.

Back Office

It is the place where financial institutions' accounting, administrative and reporting works are carried out.

Balance

Amount released after profit and loss.

Balance of International Payments

It is the balance sheet in which all the economic relations of a country, including the incomes obtained from the outside world due to transactions such as goods, services and capital flows and the payments made to the outside world, are included in a systematic way. The balance of payments shows the state of the foreign economic and financial relations of the countries during the said period. Examining the balance of payments of a country allows to understand the nature and dimensions of the international economic relations of that country.

Balance of Payments

It is a report obtained by systematically recording all transactions made in a country in a certain time period. This term is generally used in two senses;

Balance of payments in current accounts

Current accounts plus long-term capital movements

Band

The value of one currency against another currency may fluctuate within the price range permitted by the relevant state. This price range is called band.

Base Currency and Counter Currency

It is the first currency used in collateral calculation in Base Currency Parities. Counter Currency is the second currency used in calculating profit or loss and Swap. If you made a purchase while the EURUSD parity was 1.3500, it means you bought 100,000 EUR and sold 135,000 USD. In EURUSD parity, EUR is the Base Currency and USD is the Counter Currency.

Base Points

It is the last digit in the transaction price. In most currency pairs, this score is 1/10000. The most well-known exception to this rate is the USDJPY parity, which has a base point of 1/1000.

Base Trading

It is a transaction to make a profit from the change between basis points.

Basic Setup

A trader's or trader's preferred currency in their account. In the Forex Market, the US Dollar is normally taken as the "base" rate for quotes. This is the other currency equivalent of 1 dollar in the currency pair with the quote. Exceptions to this situation are British Pound, Euro and Australian Dollar.

Bear Market

It is the market conditions in which prices lose value due to the dominance of sales in the market.

Beige Book

In general, it is a summary of the central bank's view of economic conditions. It is published before the FOMC meeting and is intended to keep people informed about the economic developments since the last meeting. It is not a very effective indicator. Time of disclosure; It is announced 2 weeks before the FOMC Meeting, 8 times a year.

Bollinger Bands

Technical indicator that helps the trader to compare relative price levels and volatility in a currency pair over a certain time period. There are three bands that move with price movements. The top of these is usually the resistance level, and the bottom is the support level.

Bretton Woods Agreement

At the conference held in 1944 with the participation of 44 countries, it was decided to establish the World Bank and the IMF. At the end of this conference, all participating countries agreed to make their currencies convertible into gold. Since the gold prices were fixed at 1 ounce of gold = $35, the value of the currencies of all countries started to be calculated according to the dollar.

Broker

It is the name given to the traders who mediate the buying and selling transactions in return for a certain commission, and who make the transactions on their own behalf only on behalf of the persons or institutions to which they are a party. Brokers do not manage portfolios.

Budget Balance

It is the difference between the income and expenses of a government or business.

Budget Deficit

A situation where there is a negative balance for a transaction or payment.

Bull Market

It is the market conditions in which prices gain value with the dominance of buying in the market.

Bundesbank

German Central Bank.

Buy Limit

Function; It is used to enter a buying transaction at a price even lower than the current market price. You want to buy, but the price is not at the appropriate level for you. You believe the market will rise after seeing lower levels. You never know when the price will reach the levels you expect. In this case, instead of constantly monitoring the market, we place a Buy Limit order and automatically buy when the market comes to the price we expect.

Buy Signal

It is a signal that indicates that the right time and favorable conditions have arisen to buy an investment instrument. When the MACD indicator goes above the signal line, it is considered a buy signal.

Buy Stop

Function; It is used to enter a buying transaction at a price even higher than the current market price. Logically, while it is more profitable to buy at a lower price, why do we buy over the price with a Buy Stop? You have identified a resistance point and you believe that if the resistance is broken, the market will go higher. However, since there is a possibility that it will not break the resistance, you do not want to get used to it. In such cases, by placing a Buy Stop order, you will automatically start buying when the price level you set above is reached.

Buying and Selling Transaction

In Forex, a buying transaction is made by thinking that the Base Currency will increase in value, and a selling transaction is made by thinking that it will lose value.

Cable

The slang word for the British Pound/US Dollar exchange rate.

Candlestick Chart

The Japanese candlestick chart is the most used chart form in the west. The thin lines on the candle show the lowest and highest price levels that occurred in a certain time period. The wide body above the line shows the opening and closing prices in the market. If the closing price is above the opening price, the body is usually green or blue.

Capacity Utilization

The capacity utilization rate is the rate that shows what percentage of the production capacity the companies in a country use. Capacity utilization explores the effective use of resources across the country. Effective use of resources helps to improve many economic data, as it will increase productivity. The data is of medium importance. Time of disclosure; It is announced in the middle of every month.

Capital Distribution

It is the division of capital between different investment instruments with the aim of reducing risk.

Capital Market

These are the markets where investment instruments with maturities longer than one year are issued and traded.

CCI (Consumer Confidence Index)

The consumer confidence index is a national economic indicator that shows consumers' views on the current state of the economy and their expectations for the future. Consumers are asked certain questions in the survey and explanations are made by making certain calculations according to the answers given. Participants answer the questions taking into account their personal income and market conditions. Interest rates and personal income are the factors that affect personal consumption the most. The figures announced for the government are important, they also take these figures into account when determining the interest rates. As a result, the positive increase in the consumer confidence index data will positively affect the currency of the country it belongs to. Time of disclosure; The last Tuesday of every month.

Central Bank

It is the official institution that directs the monetary policy of a country. Its main purpose is to maintain the stability of the currency and money supply. In addition, the Central Bank has duties such as being the last lender of the banking sector and controlling the interest rate. They may also have powers to monitor banks and other financial institutions for imprudence and fraud. For example, the Federal Reserve Bank is the central bank of the United States.

Central Bank Exchange Rate

It is the exchange rate determined by the Central Bank.

Chart Patterns

The special shapes that occur on the price chart form the formations. Triangle, flag, shoulder head and shoulder formations herald that the current trend in prices is coming to an end and is about to change direction.

Closing Positions (Stop Out)

When the margin level falls below the rate determined by the brokerage house, positions are closed, starting with the one with the lowest loss. The PPI-Producer Prices Index (PPI) is an indicator that affects inflation like the CPI. Every month, 100,000 prices are collected from approximately 300,000 companies. It is found by calculations made with these numbers. Although its impact is not as high as CPI, it is a data of high importance. Some investors may use the PPI index to predict the future CPI index. Time of disclosure; it is announced on the 2nd week of every month.

Collateral

It is the amount that is blocked to carry your position in leveraged transactions.

Commission

It is the fee charged per transaction by the brokerage house.

Company Analysis

After determining the sector to be invested in, it is time to decide which company to invest in. This is the most detailed part of fundamental analysis. The company has many analysis methods such as profitability ratios, pro forma income statements, book value.

Compound interest

It is the interest that shows the return obtained as a result of investing the interest earned by an investment during the investment period in the new investment period. In other words, interest earns interest.

Convertibility

A country's currency can be freely exchanged for another country's currency in foreign exchange markets and used as a medium of exchange in international commercial transactions.

Correction

It is the change of economic policies by official institutions in order to correct the balance of payments or the official exchange rate.

CPI (Consumer Price Index)

Consumer price index data is a data that is effective in the formation of inflation figures. It is the most used price index in the world. CPI; It measures the rate of increase in the costs of food, clothing, shelter (rent), fuel, transportation, health expenses, education expenses and other products necessary for the maintenance of daily life. If this data is high, it causes inflation to increase. It is announced monthly and annually. High CPI data will have a positive effect on the currency. It is data of high importance. Time of disclosure; 20th of every month

Cryptocurrency

Cryptocurrency is a decentralized digital money that is not linked to or controlled by any government or central bank, unlike traditional currencies. Cryptocurrencies have a far wider range of volatility than traditional currency pairs.

Currency Pair

They are two currencies that are measured in terms of each other. For example, EURUSD is a currency pair.

Currency Risk

It is the risk of loss as a result of future changes in the value of the exchange rate. The investor takes a position in advance in order not to make a loss from the change in the exchange rate.

Current Account Deficit

It is the fiscal deficit that arises when the total imports in a country are more than the total exports.

Daily Transaction (Intraday)

It is used for transactions that are opened and closed on the same day.

Dealer

It is the one who acts on his own behalf and account in buying and selling transactions and provides services to individuals and institutions.

Deflation

It expresses a continuous decrease in the general level of prices.

Demo Trading Platform

It is a trading platform that is used virtually with real market data for the purpose of getting to know the system without opening a real account.

Depreciation

The decrease in the value of a currency due to a decrease in demand in the market.

Derivative Markets

These are the markets operating within the body of the stock exchange, where standardized derivatives contracts are bought and sold on futures and the exchanges made are guaranteed by an institution. Derivative market transactions such as futures, forwards, options and swaps can be used by market players to hedge risk or to earn profits.

Devaluation

It is the reduction of the foreign purchasing power of the national currency of the country with a balance of payments deficit in fixed exchange rate systems, by a decision taken by the government. In other words, devaluation is the depreciation of the official currency of a state against the currencies of other countries. For this reason, while imported goods become more expensive, the price of domestic goods is also reduced.

Directional Movement Indicator (DMI)

An indicator where the positive (+) DI line reflects the buying pressure and the negative DI line reflects the selling pressure. As long as the "+ DI" line is above the "- DI" line, it signals a buy, when the "+DI" line is below the "-DI" line, it signals a sell.

Doji

It is a candle formation in which the opening and closing prices are the same. It shows indecision in the market.

Durable Goods

It examines durable goods orders and mobility. The high rate described here has a positive effect on the currency. The degree of importance is medium. Time of disclosure; It is announced on the 4th week of every month.

Economic Indicator

It is statistical data that shows the state of economic life and the changes that have occurred. Examples include: Unemployment level, Gross National Product, Inflation, Retail Sales etc.

Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)

It is a system in which funds are transferred between accounts electronically.

Electronic Trading Platform

It is a platform that will enable instant transmission of leveraged buy and sell orders to be uploaded to all kinds of electronic communication equipment of the customer in electronic environment and where the account status and current prices can be viewed online.

Employment Reports

Monthly employment reports are a key measure of an economy's strength or weakness. The importance of the report in Forex markets is due to the relationship between the report and interest rates. While the increase in employment figures generally causes an increase in interest rates, the decrease in employment figures has a decreasing effect on interest rates. It is one of the most important datum. Time of disclosure; It is announced on the first Friday of every month.

Endorsement

It is the monetary value of transactions that take place within a certain period of time.

Euro

It is the common currency of the European Union.

European Central Bank (ECB)

It is the Central Bank of the European Monetary Union.

European Options

The buyer can only use his contractual right at the end of the maturity date.

Exchange Rate

Expressing the value of one currency in terms of the value of another currency.

Exponential Moving Average

An indicator that takes more recent data into account than the simple moving average.

Federal Funds Rate

It is the overnight interest rate that banks in the USA pay for the capital they receive from the FED. It is also the fiscal policy instrument by which the FED controls the money supply in the country.

Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)

It is the committee that determines the monetary policies to be implemented by the US Federal Reserve (FED) through instruments such as interest rates.

Federal Reserve (FED)

It is the Central Bank of US.

Fibonacci Analysis Methods

The Fibonacci price action level is a string of numbers that show changes in trends from previous ups and downs. After significant price movements, prices will often repeat a significant portion of their normal movement. When prices repeat, support and resistance levels often occur at or near the Fibonacci price action level. Ratios frequently used in current markets are 23.6%, 38.2%, 50% and 61.8%. The price action level of Fibonacci is formed by the formation of a trend line from a certain high point to a certain low point. It is simply the expression of an adjustment in a downtrend, not the end of the trend. The most significant declines are 38.2% and 61.8%.

Fibonacci Fans

Another common use for Fibonacci ratios is Fibonacci fan lines. As in other Fibonacci analysis methods, a reference line is drawn between the bottom and the top in Fibonacci fans. However, the reference line drawn in this method should be drawn not from the bottom of the trend to the top of the trend, but to the top of the intermediate trend. The points where the vertical line drawn from the second point of the reference line intersects with the fan lines are the Fibonacci levels 38.2%, 50.0%, 61.8%.

Fibonacci Retracement

It is a support resistance determination method calculated with the numbers (1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144,...) used in technical analysis. It has emerged from the assumption that some of the significant upward or downward movements in the parities will withdraw. This method determines how much of the movement will retract and from which levels it will return.

Fibonacci Retracement Levels

It is the most used Fibonacci analysis method in technical analysis. In this analysis method, Fibonacci support and resistance levels are obtained with the help of the line drawn from the bottom of the trend to the top. This method, which does not produce a buy and sell signal on its own, is particularly successful in detecting medium and long-term support and resistances. This method can also be used for the short term. However, the success rate is slightly lower than in the medium and long term. The basic logic of this method is that the difference between the bottom and the top in trends, multiplied by each Fibonacci coefficient, successfully detects a separate correction level. Especially when looking at the long term, the success in detecting these correction levels is better understood.

Fixed Rate System

A system in which a national currency is pegged to the value of a foreign currency or a basket of currencies and its maintenance is guaranteed by the monetary authority. Since the value of the national currency is predetermined, it does not reflect the current supply and demand conditions.

Flag Formation

Flag formations are formations that are formed by price movements in the opposite direction of the current trend and signal that the trend movement will continue. They form short pauses in a stable market movement.

Floating Rate System

It is an exchange rate system in which foreign exchange prices are determined according to supply and demand in the free market and there is no official intervention.

Forex

It is formed by the abbreviation of the English Foreign Exchange words and means the foreign exchange market.

Forex Market

It is the simultaneous buying and selling of one currency in an over-the-counter market.

Forward

These are contracts that require the seller to deliver a certain product to the buyer at a later date, at the agreed price, term, quantity and quality.

Free Margin

It is the amount remaining after the positions taken by the investor.

Fundamental Analysis

It is the analysis of economic data and political developments in order to determine the future forecast movements of financial markets.

Futures Contract

Contracts that oblige to receive or deliver a good or asset of standardized quantity and quality at an agreed future date at the agreed price.

Futures Markets

Futures markets are markets where contracts are bought and sold with the condition that a certain product is delivered at a future date, provided that the price is fixed today.

Futures Trading

It is the transaction where the maturity, amount and price of an asset (foreign currency, interest, goods) that will be delivered at a future date exceeding the spot (two business days) transaction date are determined and the contract is concluded. Forward, futures and options are examples of such transactions.

FX

It is the abbreviation of Forex.

G7

It is a collection of industrial countries consisting of the USA, Germany, Japan, England, Canada and Italy.

G10

It is the community of the G7 countries and Belgium, the Netherlands and Sweden.

Giving a Price Quotation

It is the buying and selling price announced by the market maker during the session on the capital market instrument he is in charge of.

Gold Standard System

It was formerly the system used to determine the value of a currency. The value of the currency was equated to the value of a certain weight of gold. When this system was used, the value of gold against its currency value was fixed.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

It is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a certain time period in a certain currency.

Gross National Product (GNP)

It is the value in a certain currency of the total goods and services performed by the citizens of a country within or outside the borders of that country.

Hedge Transactions

Hedge is an investment to hedge against price risk occurring in opposite directions and open positions of the existing trade. This can be a partial or complete hedge and, while having the same effect, cannot terminate a position. Some investors are happy with this feature and use the hedge's capabilities (trading) as an open trade rather than viewing it outside of stock market systems. It should be noted that a hedge has the same effect as closing or partially terminating a trade, except that it creates an open position in the long or short term, acts as an open trade and must be terminated at a later date.

Housing Starts

It is a data showing the amount of new housing started to be built in the last month. Although the increase in the numbers is a positive factor, it is not a data of high importance. Time of disclosure; It is announced in the middle of every month.

IMF (International Monetary Fund)

It is an international organization established in the USA in 1946, which has duties such as monitoring global financial markets, auditing the stock market, payment plans, exchange rates, and providing financial loans to countries in financial difficulties. The IMF carries out its duties to provide liquidity in the international foreign exchange market and to support free exchange rates.

Inflation

It refers to the continuous and perceptible increase in the general level of prices. It is the market condition that causes a decrease in purchasing power due to the increase in the prices of consumer goods.

Interbank Money Market

Markets where short-term funds are bought and sold between banks.

Interest

It is the usage fee of a coin.

Intermediary bank

It is the local bank that usually works for a foreign bank.

Insolvency Risk (Default Risk)

It is the risk that the debt cannot be repaid.

ISM Manufacturing Index

The ISM manufactoring index data consists of the answers given to the questions asked to the managers of more than 400 companies. Data is described as a number from 1 to 100. If the number is above 50, it indicates that the sector is developing, if it is below 50, the sector is shrinking. It is data of high importance. Time of disclosure; It is announced on the first business day of each month.

Japanese Economy Watchers Survey

It analyzes the disposition of companies that provide consumers with direct services, such waiters, drivers, and beauticians. Readings above 50 typically imply mood improvements.

Keep The Powder Dry

To restrict your trading because of poor trading circumstances. It can be wiser to wait until there is a clear opportunity in markets that are choppy or highly narrow.

Knock-Ins

Option technique where a previously purchased option cannot become active until the underlying product trades at a specific price. When an option is activated, Knock-ins are utilized to lower the underlying option's premium costs and can start hedging operations.

Knock-Outs

Option that, if the underlying product trades at a specific level, cancels out an earlier purchase. The underlying option expires when a Knock-out level is reached, and any hedging may need to be unwound.

Leverage System

It is a system in which the investor can trade at a rate up to a certain multiple of his own capital. For example, when the investor's capital is $1,000, it is possible to trade with $10,000 worth of capital with a leverage of 1:10. In this system, the profit or loss of each transaction is determined by the leverage ratio.

LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate)

Libor is London interbank offered rate. Banks use LIBOR when borrowing from another bank.

Limit Order

It is an order to buy at or below a certain price, or an order to sell at or above a certain price.

Line Of Credit (Bank Line)

It is the limit of a loan made by a bank to a customer.

Liquidity

It refers to the ready-to-use purchasing power of any asset such as foreign currency, securities, real estate, which can be converted into cash in a short time and without any problems (without loss of value).

Looney

It is another name for the Canadian dollar.

Long Position

A purchase transaction in any parity or commodity represents a long position. In EURUSD parity, a 1-lot buying transaction is taken, while in EUR, a long position is taken, and in USD, a short position is taken.

Lot

It is used as a processing unit. In Forex, 1 lot is used as 100,000 units in parities, 100 ounces in gold and 5000 ounces in silver.

MACD Histogram

It is an indicator created by displaying the difference between the MACD line and the MACD signal line in the form of a histogram. The intersections and deviations between the two lines can be observed more easily.

Macroeconomics

In the economy, it examines the total magnitudes such as total consumption, total production, total savings, total investment, total income (national income) and employment by making analyzes and inferences about them. Unlike Microeconomics, it deals with the economy as a whole and works on macro-equilibrium analysis. Unemployment, inflation, total production and consumption, income distribution can be counted as the main topics of Macroeconomics.

Main Currency

It is the currency used by intermediary institutions in their accounting records. Although the US Dollar is generally used in the Forex market, British Pound, Euro or Australian Dollar can also be used.

Maintenance Margin

After the price movements of open positions, the updated collaterals are at a sustainable level.

Margin

It is the minimum amount of capital that must be held in order to carry out a transaction or to continue existing transactions.

Margin Call

It is the additional fund demand requested by the broker or dealer from the customer in order to continue a transaction directed against the customer. As an alternative to this transaction, the customer has the option to close one or more transactions.

Market Interest Rate

The rate of interest paid on deposits and other investments in the money market, determined by the interaction of money supply and money demand.

Market Maker

They are banks and intermediary institutions that offer prices and are ready to buy or sell at these prices.

Maturity

It is the predetermined date range period for a transaction.

Michigan Confidence Index

It is the data announced by the University of Michigan is created by examining the attitudes of consumers about spending money monthly in line with economic conditions. It is data of medium severity.

Microeconomics

It studies the economy at the level of consumers, firms and industries. Derived from the Greek word "micros", microeconomics focuses on the economic issue and efficiency; it is tried to examine the questions of “what will be produced, how it will be produced, for whom it will be produced, is there an efficiency in distribution-production, distribution?”

Momentum

It is the technical indicator that determines the speed of price changes in a parity. The momentum line moves above and below the 100 level. It is the indicator, which gives a buy signal when it is above the 100 level, and a sell signal when it falls below, also gives an idea about the speed and strength of the trend with its distance from the level. In addition, 120 and 80 levels can be applied in the indicator, 120 level and above are interpreted as overbought, 80 and below as oversold zones. In these regions, it is understood that the movement in the parity may change direction.

Money

It is a medium of exchange that a country officially launches with its authorized bodies. Every country has an official currency.

Money Market

Markets where short-term (90 days or less for International Markets), highly liquid financial instruments are traded.

Money Politics

It refers to the decisions taken to affect the availability and cost of money in order to achieve goals such as economic growth, employment growth and price stability.

Moving Average Convergence/Divergence (MACD)

It is a technical indicator developed by Gerald Appel. It is calculated by subtracting the 26-period exponential moving average from the 12-period exponential moving average. By comparing these two moving averages, it is determined whether the trend will continue in the parity. The distance between the moving averages gives information about the momentum of the movement in the parity.

Net Position

It is the difference between the sum of the buy positions and the sell positions in a parity.

NFP-Non-Farm Payroll

Shows the total wages paid to employees within the United States. It sends shock waves into the market and causes huge movements within seconds. It is the most comprehensive report on employment and all its components in America. Time of disclosure; It is announced on the first Friday of every month.

Open Market Operations

It is the transaction of buying and selling treasury papers in order to increase or decrease the money supply, carried out by the Central Banks.

Open Order

It is a passive order pending execution at the specified price of a financial instrument.

Open Position

They are short selling transactions that have not made a physical payment.

Open Transaction

It is the active positions of financial instruments that are subject to purchase and sale transactions that have not been closed yet.

Order

It is an instruction given by the customer to the authorized person in order to take action.

Oscillator

They are indicators that determine whether the market is in an overbought or oversold zone. It is plotted at the bottom of the price chart. The oscillator is in the overbought region when it reaches the up end, and in the oversold region when it reaches the down end.

Over The Counter (OTC)

They are non-exchange, unorganized markets. Transactions are made mutually between the parties.

Overbought

It is a technical term that refers to a situation where prices have risen too much and may change direction. It is predicted that prices will change direction when the indicator line breaks the levels in the overbought/sold regions that can be determined by oscillators such as Stochastic Oscillator or RSI (Relative Strength Index).

Parity

It is the value of the currency of a country against the currency of another country.

PCE-Personal Consumption Expenditures

It examines price changes in consumer services and products. It is a data related to the increase in personal developments. Although not very important data, high numbers can have a positive effect on the currency. Time of disclosure; it is announced on the last day of each month.

Petro-dollar

It is used to describe the revenue from oil sales by pricing oil against the dollar.

Philadelphia Fed Index

It is an index of the manufacturing situation in Philadelphia. Studies provide insight into the economic health and manufacturing of these important areas. It is an important indicator as it provides information about employment, prices and conditions in the industry; but it does not have a significant effect on the markets. Time of disclosure; it is announced on the 17th of every month.

Pip-Pips

It is the name of the unit given to the smallest play in the value of any parity in the Forex market. The pip value varies with each pair. For example, pip value; it is 0.0001 for EURUSD, GBPUSD and USDCHF and 0.01 for USDJPY.

Point

In some parities in the foreign exchange market, the 5th digit continues after the pip digit. This is called Point.

Position

It is the buying or selling transaction opened by the investor according to the change in prices.

Premium

It is the amount of maturity or futures prices in foreign exchange markets that exceeds the spot price.

Price Gaps (Gap)

It is the price gaps caused by the price formation in the intermediate stages of sudden price movements in the market.

Price Slippage

It is the difference between the transaction price seen in the market and the price at which the transaction takes place.

Producer Price Index (PPI)

In the economy, it is the index that measures the changes in the prices of the materials used as inputs in the production process at the wholesale stage. PPI shows the changes in the prices of products in agriculture, fisheries, mining, manufacturing industry and energy sectors (electricity, gas, water).

Purchase Price (BID)

It is the price at which investors are willing to buy.

Purchasing Managers Index

The Purchasing Managers Index in the Market shows the purchasing power in the economy. It is an index formed as a result of a meeting attended by more than 300 managers from 20 different industries. The acceptable level is 50 in this data, above it is perceived as positive. It is data of high importance. Time of disclosure; data is disclosed on the first business day of each month.

Quotation

It is the buying and selling price in the market for the parity of a currency.

RE-QUOTE

It means “to quote again”.

Recession

It is the situation in which the economic growth in a country is slow or negative in a certain time period.

Reserve Money

It refers to foreign currency and gold denominated assets in the portfolios of central banks and international financial institutions. Accordingly, in order for a payment instrument to be a reserve currency, its value should be stable against other currencies, it should belong to a country with a large share in world trade, and it should be easily bought and sold in foreign exchange markets.

Resistance

It is the level where the rising prices have difficulty to pass or fall again from where they are. It is the level at which investors generally prefer to open sales transactions.

Retail Sales Data

Retail sales are one of the most important indicators of any economy, showing how people spend money in retail stores on a monthly basis. The data disclosed reflects the difference between the calculated month and the previous month. The higher the number, the better for the economy and this will have a positive effect on the currency. Therefore, this data is a data with a high degree of importance that activates the market. Time of disclosure; mid month

Revaluation

It is an increase in the exchange price of a currency due to central bank intervention. It is the opposite of devaluation.

Reverse Process

It is a buy transaction against a sell transaction and a sell transaction against a buy transaction.

Reverse Shoulder Head Shoulder

It is the formation formed by the parity at the end of the uptrends in a certain time period. The formation mainly consists of three bottoms. The first and last bottoms form the Shoulders, while the middle bottom creates the Head. While the shoulders are at almost the same level, the bottom forming the head is lower than the shoulders. The apex levels of the sections of the formation forming its shoulders form the neckline. A break of the neckline on the upside means that the downtrend is over and the pair will change direction.

Risk-Return Ratio

It is the ratio obtained by dividing the potential return of a transaction by the potential risk of loss. For example, if a purchase opened at a price of 100 is expected to be closed at a price of 120 (profit expectation 20), and it is predicted that this price may decrease to a maximum of 90 (expected loss of 10), the risk-return ratio will be 20.10 or 2.1. Generally, the larger this ratio, the more profitable trades are made. The risk return rate is determined with the help of support resistance levels for stop loss, take profit orders.

Risk Management

It is the ability of the investor to manage the risk within the framework of certain rules when the possibility of loss of investments and loss of the managed capital becomes stronger.

Risk Statement

These are the statements that indicate the risks that the investor can bear in the transactions to be made in the international markets.

RSI (Relative Stress Index)

Developed by Welles Wilder, this oscillator identifies overbought and oversold zones. In intervals ranging from 0 to 100, above 70 represents overbought and below 30 represents oversold zone. If the RSI line, which enters these regions, breaks the 70 level downwards or exceeds the 30 level upwards, it signals that the prices will change direction.

Sale Price

It is the price at which traders are willing to sell in a currency.

Sales Person

The person who acts as a party or manager of a transaction. Managers take only one side of a position and hope to make a profit by closing the position with another shareholder in the next trade.

Sales Rate

It is the rate based on the sale of a financial instrument.

Sales Signal

It is one of the indicators in technical analysis that indicates that there may be a decrease in prices.

Scalping

It is a transaction made in order to make a profit with frequent and very small price steps in a short time.

Sector Analysis

If the general state of the economy is positive, the next step is which sector to invest in. Alternative sectors are determined, with this analysis method, which is generally used in the stock market, the most suitable one is determined among many sector alternatives such as mining, construction, ready-made consumption, food, beverage and so on.

Sell ​​Limit

Function; It is used to enter a sale transaction at a price even higher than the current market price. You believe the market will fall and you want to sell. But first you expect an upward movement. You believe the market will fall after testing a level above. In such a case, you can set a price above the market price and place a Sell Limit Order. In this way, when the above price is reached, the system will automatically open your sell position.

Sell ​​Stop

Function; It is used to enter a sale transaction at a price even lower than the current market price. You want to sell, but you see that there is a strong support point. You know that if this support is broken, the market will come even lower. But since there is a possibility that it will not break, you cannot go on sale. In such cases, by placing a Sell Stop Order, the sale will be executed automatically when the market price reaches the level you wrote below.

Short Position

These are sales transactions where profits can be made from decreases in market prices.

Shoulder Head Shoulder

It is the formation formed by the parity at the end of the uptrends in a certain time period. The formation mainly consists of three hills. The first and last hills form the Shoulders, while the middle hill forms the Head. While the shoulders are at almost the same level, the crest forming the head is higher than the shoulders. The bottom point levels of the sections forming the shoulders of the formation form the neckline. A break of the neckline on the downside means that the uptrend is over and the pair will change direction.

Signal Line

The moving average used on the price chart or the curve that moves with the prices, including the oscillator indicators below the chart, gives a buy or sell signal depending on where it is. RSI, MACD, Stochastic Oscillator, signal lines are the most commonly used indicators.

Simple Interest

It is the rate of interest earned by only the principal of an investment during the investment period.

Slippage

It is the small difference between the requested transaction price and the transaction price.

Spot Market

The spot market is the market in which the purchase or sale of a product is carried out at the price determined on the transaction date, at most two business days later.

Spot Price

It is the current market price. Spot transactions are typically completed within two business days.

Spot Trading

It is an instant transaction by the investor. Money transfers can be made with the value date of two days, depending on the time difference between the two countries and the risk situation.

Spread

It is the difference between the buying and selling prices.

Starting Margin

It is a certain amount of collateral that the investor must deposit in the brokerage house in order to open a position.

Stoch RSI

The RSI and Stochastic oscillators both indicate overbought and oversold zones. Since all indicators may give false signals from time to time, it was created with the thought that better results will be obtained when both are used together.

Stochastic Oscillator

Developed by George Lane, this indicator measures the movements of prices in a high/low price range ranging from 0 to 100 in a certain time period. Below the 20 level in the indicator is interpreted as oversold, and above the 80 level is interpreted as an overbought zone. e.g; when the 14-period stochastic oscillator is located at 30, it indicates that the current price is 30% higher than the last 14-day low and 70% lower than the high. Stochastic Oscillator, like other oscillators, is used to determine especially overbought/sold regions and to receive sell/buy signals on returns from these regions.

Stocky

It is another name for Swedish Krona.

Stop Loss

It is an order to close the open trade at a bearable loss in order to keep the loss as low as possible.

Stop Order

It is an order to sell at or below a certain price, or to buy at or over a certain price.

Stop Out/Close Positions

It is the closing of the margin used in the balance when it falls below a certain rate.

Strategy Tests

A method used to measure the performance of a trading strategy by applying historical data to current data.

Supply

It is the price at which the investor is ready to sell.

Support

It is the level where falling prices have difficulty breaking or rising again from where they are. It is the level where investors generally prefer to open buy transactions.

Swap

As a result of moving a position to the next day, it is the difference between the interest rates applied to the currencies of the interbank foreign exchange market and (+) or (–) interest cost.

Take Profit

It is an order system in which the price tick required for the anticipated profit to occur in a position to be opened or opened is entered and expected.

Tankan Report

Of all the announcements made in Japan 4 times a year, the Tankan Report is the most carefully anticipated. The Tankan Report is issued by the Bank of Japan and Japanese firms are asked about their future plans for pricing, employment and investment. A positive figure will have a positive effect on the Japanese economy, while a negative figure will have a negative effect. The further the result is from zero, the higher the expectation of mobility in Forex Markets. It is a data that has a high impact on the Japanese Yen. Description time; these data, which are announced in April, July, September and mid-December, are announced by the BOJ (Bank of Japan).

Technical Analysis

It is an analysis method that shows the predicted market directions that may exist in the future, on the charts where the support-resistance levels and volumes formed by the past price movements are shown.

TIC Data (Treasury International Capital)

TIC data gives information about how reliable a country is in the field of international investment. It is a statement made by the American treasury. It is data of high importance. Time of disclosure; it is announced on the 12th working day of the month.

Total Demand

It is the total domestic and foreign demand for the total goods and services produced by the private and public sectors in a country.

Total Risk

It is the rate of risk that a financial institution takes in spot and forward agreements with a particular customer.

Total Supply

It is the total goods and services provided, including imports, to meet the total demand in a country.

Trade Balance

The difference between a country's total imports and exports forms the Balance of Trade.

Trailing Stop

With this order, the stop level will be automatically moved to a better price as long as the market price moves in favor of the investor. It works depending on the stop loss order.

Trend

The upside trend of a price is called the trend. In a certain period of time, it is observed that the prices are in an uptrend when they increase gradually, and in a downtrend when they decrease.

Trend Channel

The trend channel consisting of resistance and support lines shows the optimal change corridor of prices. If there is an upward trend in prices, the channel is upwards, and if there is a downward trend, it is downwards. Unless there is a certain direction in price changes, the trend channel is seen at the horizontal level.

Trendlines

On the chart, it is the line formed by combining the low levels of the prices that are in an uptrend or the high levels of the prices that are in a downtrend. As a result of the breaking of the top and bottom levels, a new trend line is formed.

Triangle Pattern

It is formed by the intersection of two trend lines in the opposite direction at a certain point in the parity. Generally, one of these trend lines is formed in the medium-long term and the other in the short term. Breaking the point where the trends intersect, the prices moving forward determine the line of the new trend.

Unemployment Rate

It is an indicator determined by the number of people who apply for unemployment benefits within the country for the first time in the USA. Unemployment numbers are clear indicators of whether an economy is healthy or in a state of recession.

Valuation

It is the appreciation of one currency against another currency.

Value Date

It is the date on which the accounts of the currency types or the currency pair traded are cleared.

Value Increase

It is the rise in the value of a currency due to market factors.

Venture Capital

It is the amount of capital that will not affect the living standards or style of the investor if he invests in one of the stock market derivatives and loses.

Volatility

It is the indicator obtained as a result of measuring the changes in the prices in the market in a certain time period with the standard deviation. The high volatility is an indicator of the uncertainty in the market and indicates that the risk is high.

World Bank

It is an international organization established after 1944 under the name of "International Bank for Reconstruction and Development" for the reconstruction of Europe. It mostly provides long-term project loans to developing countries. In recent years, the concepts of foreign debt of developing countries and fighting against poverty have also been included in the job descriptions.